移民局修改 F/J/M 签证非法停留的计算方式
扫一扫,随时看
根据移民最新消息来看,F/J/M签证一旦失效,第二天起算非法停留。而且修改 F/J/M 留学生和访问学者签证非法停留的计算方式,从2018年8月9日生效。对于计算的方式以下文章内容为大家详细的做一个介绍。
我在《签证延期被拒在美国逾期逗留的后果和注意事项》里解释过,I-94 过期后你的 legal status 自动结束,是为逾期逗留(overstay);然而,只要你没有其他违反身份的行为,并及时递交延期或转换身份申请,案件还在 pending,那么你并不是非法停留(unlawful presence)。
区分这两个概念的意义在于:unlawful presence 有明确的禁令。根据 INA section 212(a)(9)(B)(i),非法停留180天以上,3年内禁止入境;非法停留365天以上,10年内禁止入境。
旧政策:F/J/M 身份失效之后,比如 I-94 过期、或没有明确日期限制的 D/S 身份在学业结束之后继续在美国逗留,是 overstay;只有在国土安全部正式认定你违反了身份规定(DHS made a formal finding of violation of nonimmigrant status)、或移民法官命令驱逐、递解出境之后,才开始计算性质更为严重的 unlawful presence。
新政策:F/J/M 身份失效之后即自动按 unlawful presence 计算。
只要没有其他违反身份的情形,学业结束之后仍然有宽限期 -- 毕竟收拾行李买机票什么的都要时间的好吧 -- 在此期间的停留不算 unlawful presence。USCIS 原文:
Foreign students (F nonimmigrant) generally do not accrue unlawful presence in certain situations, including but are not limited to: [...] During any additional grace period as permitted under 8 CFR 214.2(f)(5)(iv) to prepare for departure:
- 60 days following completion of a course of study and any authorized practical training;
- 15 days if the designated school official (DSO) authorized the withdrawal from classes (SEVIS termination reason: authorized early withdrawal); or
- No grace period if the F-1 nonimmigrant failed to maintain a full course of study without the approval of the DSO or otherwise failed to maintain status).
M/J 身份也有同样的规定。
另外,只要在身份未过期之前及时提交了延期或转换身份,并且不是无理取闹(non-frivolous),那么案件 pending 期间不视为 unlawful presence。不过,若此类申请未及时提交(即:提交时身份已经过期),或申请被视为无理取闹、或非法工作,那么即使有 pending case,仍然是 unlawful presence。
USCIS 原文如下:
(3) Aliens Present in Unlawful Status Who Do Not Accrue Unlawful Presence by Virtue of USCIS Policy for Purposes of Sections 212(a)(9)(B) and (C)(i)(I) of the Act
* * *
(D) Nonimmigrants – Effect of a Decision on the Request for Extension of Status (EOS) or Change of Status (COS) on Unlawful Presence
The following information pertains to applications requesting EOS or COS, or petitions that include requests for EOS or COS.
(i) Approved Requests
* * *
(ii) Denials Based on Frivolous Filings or Unauthorized Employment
If a request for EOS or COS is denied because it was frivolous or because the alien engaged in unauthorized employment, the EOS or COS application does not protect the alien from accruing unlawful presence. The alien accrues unlawful presence as outlined in Chapter 40.9.2(b)(1)(E), Lawful Nonimmigrants.
(iii) Denials of Untimely Applications
If a request for EOS or COS is denied because it was not timely filed, the EOS or COS application does not protect the alien from accruing unlawful presence. The alien accrues unlawful presence as outlined in Chapter 40.9.2(b)(1)(E), Lawful Nonimmigrants.
(iv) Denials for Cause of Timely Filed, Non-Frivolous Applications for EOS or COS
* * *
这个备忘录刚发布,已经有焦急的读者提问了。比如这两位:
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